Launched from the yard of Gibson, McDonald & Arnold at
Ramsey, Isle of Man, as the fully-rigged ship Euterpe on 14 November,
1863, the Star of India, as she has long since been called, lays claim
to being the oldest merchant ship still afloat. She lies in San Diego,
California, her iron hull and rig so well restored that she has been
able to put to sea occasionally in recent years.
Her home port was
originally Liverpool, from where her Isle of Man owners had intended
that she would run cargo and a small quota of passengers to India. She
had been built with spacious 'tween decks and fitted with port holes
along this strake, which would have made her eminently suitable as a
troop ship should the need have arisen.
Only a few hours after
setting sail from Liverpool on her maiden voyage, she was in a collision
with a Spanish brig, which did extensive damage to her fore-rigging.
The crew were so apprehensive of her seaworthiness, they demanded a
return to port for repairs or they would refuse to sail the ship.
Some
of the crew were jailed for this impudence and missed her subsequent
safe passage to Calcutta. Two years later, at the end of December 1864,
the Euterpe sailed from Liverpool, again bound for ports in India and
Sri Lanka (then known as;Ceylon).
She did not return home for
another 23 months, when in a hurricane off Madras on 29 November, 1866,
she lost all three masts, took refuge in the harbor at Trincomalee and
eventually sailed into Calcutta where she was re-rigged. On the passage
home, a few days out from India, her captain died of fever, leaving the
mate to take command.
She changed ownership twice after this and
spent time in the Indian coastal trade before being acquired by Shaw,
Savill & Albion who specialized in long voyages from Great Britain
to the Antipodes. Euterpe spent a number of years voyaging between
London or Glasgow and Auckland or Wellington in New Zealand, mostly with
cabin or emigrant passengers. She made more than a score of these long
trips, sailing outward via the Cape of Good Hope, through the 'Roaring
Forties', and homeward via Cape Horn to the English Channel.
The
opening of the Suez Canal put an end to her usefulness under the Shaw
Savill flag and she was subsequently sold to the Pacific Colonial Ship
Company of San Francisco. She was placed under Hawaiian registry which
enabled her, when that country became part of the United States, to
obtain American registry. Her new owners filled her with timber, loaded
in Puget Sound, and sent her packing to Australia where Douglas fir and
Oregon pine were much in demand.
On the voyage home, she would
carry coal, to Honolulu where she then loaded a cargo of sugar for the
last leg to the West Coast of America.
Pacific Colonial sold the
ship to the Alaska Packers Association of San Francisco, who were
already the owners of several beautiful vessels acquired from the line
affectionately known as 'Corry's Irish Stars'. These Harland &
Wolff-built ships were some of the finest ever launched between
1877-1880, the Star of Bengal and the Star of France being noted
worldwide for their speed.
Euterpe was renamed Star of India, but
her globe-trotting days were numbered. The Packers sent her up to Alaska
in the spring and back to the warmer climate of San Francisco in
autumn. Her rig was reduced too; instead of the five yards which once
sprouted on her mizzen, now there was a huge spanker and topsail. As a
barque, she was easier to handle with a smaller crew. New accommodations
were built on the main deck from the poop to the mainmast, large enough
to carry at least 45 fishermen. The bright hardwood trim around her
upper-works disappeared under layers of 'box-car red' paint and the once
white bulwarks and deck houses were painted a miserable buff color. She
made her last voyage to Alaska in 1923.
Had it not been for one
James Wood Coffroth, Star of India might have ended her days as another
breakwater in some obscure harbor. He bought the ship and gave her to
the San Diego Zoological Society in 1926 with the idea that she should
be fitted out as a floating museum and aquarium. But in the grim days of
the American Depression, there was little spare cash available for such
projects. Neglected, the great ship began to deteriorate.
Paint
cracked and peeled, decks leaked and the rigging was in a poor state of
repair, quickly rotting under the unrelenting sun. During World War II,
the US Navy declared her masts a hazard to aerial navigation and sent a
party along to send down her yards and remove the topmasts. Tired of
their gift, the Zoological Society gave the ship to the newly formed
Maritime Museum Association in 1957.
She is maintained exclusively
by admission fees, donations and membership of the Museum Association.
Her restoration was a painfully slow process because of the lack of
skilled craftsmen and traditional materials, such as hemp, Stockholm tar
and the many chandlery fittings needed to make her seaworthy.
In 2013 she reached 150 years old.
